Menene Blockchain?
Bari muyi karatu kadan akan Blockchain da kuma Layer One da Layer Two Blockchains.
Me Ake Nufi Da Blockchain?
Blockchain ba komai bane sai (Database), amma Decentralized Database. Babban bambanci tsakanin Blockchain da normal database shine tsarin (Centralization ko Decentralization). Blockchain wata matattara ce ko waje da ake iya ajiye bayanai masu yawa, amma bisa tsarin cryptography da yake cire central authority ko (middle men) daga hada-hada ko abubuwan da za'a yi. Hakan na nufin amfani da Mathematical algorithms a maimakon amfani da central authority.
~ Hakan na samar da Peer to Peer (P2P) electronic transactions, wanda yake nufin hada-hadar daga ni zuwa gare ka, babu wanda zai iya dakatar da hadahadar, babu wata hukuma ko wasu mutane da zasu iya rike kudin da na tura maka. Wannan shi ne Decentralization.
~ Idan muka kwatanta da centralized system kamar Banki, idan na tura maka kudi daga GTBank zuwa First Bank, akwai masu kula da hanyar da aka turo kudi, waye ya turo, waye aka tura masa, da kuma adadin kudin da aka tura. A Nigeria, akwai Central Bank, NIBSS, Commercial Banks, da NDIC, wadanda dukkansu suna kula da wannan tsarin. Idan ba'a yarda da ni ko kai ba, suna da damar rike kudin.
- A Blockchain, an cire wannan kulawa, kuma wane ne ke kula? Su ne Mathematical algorithms da lissafi, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa idan umarnin yayi dai-dai, za'a tura maka kudin ko kayan ka cikin tsari.
~ Blockchain hanya ce ta ajiye bayanai ta hanyar da babu wani mutum ko wata tawaga da zasu iya sauya ko sarrafa abubuwan da suke faruwa a ciki. An rarraba bayanan zuwa ga Nodes (Computers) da suke a ko'ina a duniya, tare da tsaro mai karfi wanda zai hana gurbatar bayanai.
~ Idan kana so ka fahimci Blockchain, ka fara fahimtar database da yadda ake amfani da shi. Zaka gane cewa Blockchain yana aiki bisa wannan tsarin.
Abubuwan da suka banbanta Blockchain da normal database sun hada da:
- Centralization vs Decentralization
- Double Spending
- Scalability
- Security
- Open Source Code
Blockchain yana da kashi daban-daban, kuma akwai nau'o'i guda hudu na Blockchain:
- Public Blockchain
- Private Blockchain
- Hybrid Blockchain
- Consortium Blockchain
Bari mu duba Public Blockchain, wanda shine mafi sanannun a yanzu.
Public Blockchain:
Public Blockchains suna amfani da open-source coding, wanda kowa zai iya dubawa ko canzawa. Sune wadanda ake amfani da su a harkokin crypto da sauran fannonin kasuwanci. Public Blockchains suna zuwa cikin nau'o'i kala-kala kamar Layer Zero, Layer One, Layer Two, da Layer Three.
Menene Layer One (L1) da Layer Two (L2) Blockchains?
Ya kamata mu fara da Layer Zero kafin mu tattauna Layer One da Layer Two, amma bari mu tsallake Layer Zero saboda fahimtar sa zai iya rikitar da mu idan bamu fahimci Layer One da Layer Two ba. Zamu dawo kan Layer Zero a wani lokaci.
~ Idan za mu fahimci Layer Two, sai mun fara da fahimtar Layer One. A takaice, Layer One (L1) Blockchain shine na asali wanda aka kirkiro da tsarin sa da ka'idojin sa. Layer One Blockchain yana aiki da kansa ba tare da taimakon wani Blockchain ba. Suna da tsarin su na musamman da yadda suke gudanar da aiki.
~ Layer One Blockchains suna amfani da consensus mechanisms kamar Proof of Work (PoW) ko Proof of Stake (PoS) ko Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) don tantance transactions da kirkirar sabbin blocks.
Misalin Layer One Blockchain sun hada da Bitcoin Blockchain, Ethereum Blockchain, Cardano, XRP, Solana, da sauran su. Wadannan su ne public Blockchains da ke matsayin Layer One.
Menene Layer Two (L2)?
Layer Two Blockchains suna taimakawa wa wani Blockchain ta hanyar rage nauyin aiki da ake dora masa. Misali, Ethereum yana da matsala ta rashin sauri da tsada. Wannan na nufin Ethereum yana da Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) wanda ke gudanar da dukkan transactions a kan Ethereum, amma yana da scalability da cost issues.
~ Domin warware wannan, Layer Two Blockchains kamar Polygon da Arbitrum suna aiki domin kara sauri da rage tsada. Arbitrum misali yana taimakawa Ethereum wajen saukaka transactions ta hanyar amfani da Optimistic Rollups, wanda zai dauki transactions da aka yi a waje (off-chain), sannan ya hada su cikin block daya kafin a mika su zuwa Ethereum Mainnet.
~ Layer Two Blockchains suna aiki a matsayin mafita na scaling solutions. Suna ba da muhimmanci ga scalability da cost reduction, suna kara sauri kuma suna rage gas fee akan Layer One.
Misalan Layer Two Blockchains sun hada da:
- Polygon
- Arbitrum
- Metis Blockchain
- zkSync
- Base Blockchain na CoinBase
- Optimism Blockchain
Duk wadannan suna aiki da Ethereum ko kuma suna amfani da Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
Misali na Layer Two:
Idan kana son amfani da Ethereum amma kana tsoron tsada da rashin sauri, zaka iya amfani da Arbitrum ko Polygon don samun sauki da sauri a cikin aikin ka. Wadannan su ne Layer Two Blockchains da suke taimakawa Ethereum.
Conclusion:
A karshe, Layer Two Blockchains suna da matukar muhimmanci wajen kawo sauki da sauri ga na'ura mai girma kamar Ethereum. A nan gaba, za'a ga Layer Two suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a kasuwancin crypto, musamman wajen rage tsada da kara scalability.
Bari mu tsaya a nan, nan gaba zamu tattauna Blockchain Trilemma da CORE da METIS.
Daga wannan bayanin, zaka fi fahimtar yadda Layer Two Blockchains ke aiki, kuma za ka iya amfani da su wajen inganta harkokin kasuwanci.
Za mu cigaba da tattaunawa akan Blockchain a cikin Wannan Website dinmu:
Allah ya sa mu dace!